Exploring the Connection Between Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease
05/17/2025
Billions of neurons—specialized cells that process and send information via electrical and chemical signals—are present in the healthy human brain. These cells transmit signals from the brain to the body's muscles and organs as well as between other areas of the brain. When this connection is disrupted by Alzheimer's disease, many neurons stop functioning correctly and eventually die, leading to a widespread loss of brain function. In healthy aging, the brain usually shrinks to some extent, but surprisingly, it does not lose a significant number of neurons.
But with Alzheimer's, there is extensive damage because many neurons become dysfunctional, lose their connections with other neurons, and finally die. Communication, metabolism, and repair are among the essential functions of neurons and their networks that are disrupted in Alzheimer's disease.
Initially, Alzheimer's often weakens the connections between neurons in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, two regions of the brain linked to memory. Later on, it impacts the parts of the cerebral cortex that are in charge of social behaviour, language, and cognition. Numerous other brain regions and nearby neurons eventually sustain damage and cease to function appropriately. A person suffering from Alzheimer's disease eventually loses their capacity to live and function on their own. Ultimately, the disease results in fatal consequences.
Let’s learn more about this connection between neurology and Alzheimer's disease in detail in the following article.
Understanding Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease
Neurology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurologists diagnose and treat disorders that affect these areas, such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder that gradually impairs your ability to remember, think, learn, and organize. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia (forgetfulness).
It's a neurodegenerative condition that affects the functioning of the brain very badly. This indicates that it gradually deteriorates and kills brain cells. Memory and language are the primary brain functions that people with AD eventually lose.
Globally, Alzheimer's disease affects over 24 million individuals. It may happen in one in 10 adults aged 65 or above. AD affects almost one in three adults over 85.
Most often, symptoms start to show up in adults over 65. Although there isn't a cure, medicines can help in managing symptoms and halt the progression of the condition.
Neurology is crucial to the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease because it is caused by intricate alterations in the brain, including damaged nerve cells and impaired neural connection.
Key Differences Between a Healthy Brain and a Brain with Alzheimer's Disease
| Feature | Healthy Brain | Alzheimer's-Affected Brain |
| Brain Size | Normal | Noticeable shrinkage |
| Neuron Function | Normal communication | Disrupted signals |
| Memory | Retains new information | Difficulty forming new memories |
| Problem-solving | Stable | Decline in reasoning |
| Behavior | Consistent | Changes in personality or mood |
Risk Factors of Alzheimer's Disease
The reasons why some people develop Alzheimer's disease and others do not are unknown to researchers. Some risk factors might be:
- Genetic changes
- History of traumatic brain injury
- Smoking
- Age (AD usually affects people older than 65)
- Overall health status
- Cardiovascular disease
- Diabetes
- Down syndrome caused by trisomy 21
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Obesity
Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer's disease is brought on by an aberrant protein accumulation in the brain. Two proteins in particular, tau and amyloid. There are billions of neurons, which are nerve cells, in your brain. You can think, learn, remember, and plan because of your neurons. In your brain cells, amyloid protein collects together to create plaques. Tau proteins form tangles, which are twisted strands that resemble fibres. Neurons cannot function properly because of the plaques and tangles. They prevent neurons from exchanging chemical and electrical impulses.
Tau and amyloid proteins gradually destroy neurons in the brain as they accumulate. Alzheimer's symptoms are brought on by this irreversible damage. Your brain's nerve cell dying begins in one place and then spreads to other parts. The hippocampus, the part of the brain that governs memory, is where Alzheimer's disease often starts. Researchers are still trying to figure out what exactly causes these proteins to accumulate in Alzheimer's disease. Scientists believe that the accumulation of proteins occurs long before symptoms appear. Up to ten years may pass before you observe any changes.
Genetic & Lifestyle Factors
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Amyloid Plaque and Tau Tangle Formation
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Neuron Damage and Brain Shrinkage
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Memory Loss and Cognitive Decline
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Progressive Loss of Independence
Early Signs of Alzheimer's Disease
Individuals who suffer from memory loss or other symptoms of Alzheimer's disease may find it challenging to identify changes in their own bodies and brains. Family members may be more aware of these symptoms. As time goes on, the symptoms will progressively worsen. If you or a loved one exhibit any dementia-like symptoms, get help from a healthcare professional immediately.
Every patient is affected by Alzheimer's disease differently. However, usually it can reduce or even deteriorate the following abilities:
- Memory
- Reasoning
- Language
- Behavior and personality
- Spatial understanding
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease typically progresses through three main stages:
| Stage | Description |
| Mild (Early) | Minor memory loss, confusion, difficulty in performing familiar tasks |
| Moderate | Increased memory loss, mood swings, trouble recognizing people |
| Severe (Late) | Loss of communication, full dependence on caregivers, physical decline |
Conclusion
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a concerning condition. At the same time, it may seem as though time has stopped or is passing too rapidly. There’s no right or wrong way to live with a condition like Alzheimer’s disease.
Your medical professionals are available for you whether you have Alzheimer's or are taking care of a loved one who has the disease. Naturally, they will recommend clinical trials and therapies. However, they can also respond to your queries, put you in touch with resources, and ensure that you know what to anticipate.
At Eternal Hospital, our neurologists are committed to delivering expert care that focuses on early detection, symptom management, and patient-centered support. If you or a loved one is showing signs of cognitive decline, don’t wait.
Take the first step toward a better life with Alzheimer's Disease. Schedule a consultation with our expert neurologists today!
FAQs
Q1: Is it possible to prevent Alzheimer's disease?
A: Alzheimer's cannot be prevented, but you may lower your risk by treating cardiovascular risk factors, leading a healthy lifestyle, and maintaining mental activity.
Q2: How does a neurologist diagnose Alzheimer's disease?
A: Cognitive testing, neurological examinations, brain imaging (MRI/CT), and a review of medical history are all part of the diagnosis process. You may also expect blood tests or spinal fluid analysis.
Q3: What is the role of caregivers in Alzheimer's management?
A: By assisting with everyday duties, making sure medicine is taken as prescribed, providing emotional support, and liaising with medical professionals, caregivers play a vital role.